Corrigendum: Elevated IFNA1 and suppressed IL12p40 associated with persistent hyperinflammation in COVID-19 pneumonia.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1101808.].

Elevated IFNA1 and suppressed IL12p40 associated with persistent hyperinflammation in COVID-19 pneumonia.

Introduction: Despite of massive endeavors to characterize inflammation in COVID-19 patients, the core network of inflammatory mediators responsible for severe pneumonia stillremain remains elusive. Methods: Here, we performed quantitative and kinetic analysis of 191 inflammatory factors in 955 plasma samples from 80 normal controls (sample n = 80) and 347 confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia patients (sample n = 875), including 8 deceased patients. Results: Differential expression analysis showed that 76% of plasmaproteins (145 factors) were upregulated in severe COVID-19 patients comparedwith moderate patients, confirming overt inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19 pneumonia patients. Global correlation analysis of the plasma factorsrevealed two core inflammatory modules, core I and II, comprising mainly myeloid cell and lymphoid cell compartments, respectively, with enhanced impact in a severity-dependent manner. We observed elevated IFNA1 and suppressed IL12p40, presenting a robust inverse correlation in severe patients, which was strongly associated with persistent hyperinflammation in 8.3% of moderate pneumonia patients and 59.4% of severe patients. Discussion: Aberrant persistence of pulmonary and systemic inflammation might be associated with long COVID-19 sequelae. Our comprehensive analysis of inflammatory mediators in plasmarevealed the complexity of pneumonic inflammation in COVID-19 patients anddefined critical modules responsible for severe pneumonic progression.

A Lateral Flow Assay for Nucleic Acid Detection Based on Rolling Circle Amplification Using Capture Ligand-Modified Oligonucleotides.

We introduce a lateral flow assay (LFA) integrated with a modified isothermal nucleic acid amplification procedure for rapid and simple genetic testing. Padlock probes specific for the target DNA were designed for ligation, followed by rolling circle amplification (RCA) using capture ligand-modified oligonucleotides as primers. After hybridization with detection linker probes, the amplified target DNA is flowed through an LFA membrane strip for binding of gold nanoparticles as the substrate for colorimetric detection. We established and validated the "RCA-LFA" method for detection of mecA, the antibiotic resistance gene for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The assay was optimized using various concentrations of primers and probes for RCA and LFA, respectively. The sensitivity was determined by performing RCA-LFA using various amounts of mecA target DNA, showing a detection limit of ~ 1.3 fmol. The specificity of the assay was examined using target DNAs for other resistance genes as the controls, which demonstrated positive detection signals only for mecA DNA, when added either individually or in combinations with the control targets. Furthermore, applying the RCA-LFA method using specifically designed probes for RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and receptor binding domain (RBD) gene for SARS-CoV-2, which demonstrated feasibility of the method for viral gene targets. The current method suggests a useful platform which can be universally applied for various nucleic acid targets, allowing rapid and sensitive diagnosis at point-of-care. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13206-022-00080-1.

Establishment of the large-scale longitudinal multi-omics dataset in COVID-19 patients: data profile and biospecimen.

Understanding and monitoring virus-mediated infections has gained importance since the global outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Studies of high-throughput omics-based immune profiling of COVID-19 patients can help manage the current pandemic and future virus-mediated pandemics. Although COVID-19 is being studied since past 2 years, detailed mechanisms of the initial induction of dynamic immune responses or the molecular mechanisms that characterize disease progression remains unclear. This study involved comprehensively collected biospecimens and longitudinal multi-omics data of 300 COVID-19 patients and 120 healthy controls, including whole genome sequencing (WGS), single-cell RNA sequencing combined with T cell receptor (TCR) and B cell receptor (BCR) sequencing (scRNA(+scTCR/BCR)-seq), bulk BCR and TCR sequencing (bulk TCR/BCR-seq), and cytokine profiling. Clinical data were also collected from hospitalized COVID-19 patients, and HLA typing, laboratory characteristics, and COVID-19 viral genome sequencing were performed during the initial diagnosis. The entire set of biospecimens and multi-omics data generated in this project can be accessed by researchers from the National Biobank of Korea with prior approval. This distribution of largescale multi-omics data of COVID-19 patients can facilitate the understanding of biological crosstalk involved in COVID-19 infection and contribute to the development of potential methodologies for its diagnosis and treatment. [BMB Reports 2022; 55(9): 465-471].

Simultaneous Occurrence of Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia and Myocarditis After mRNA-1273 COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Report.

With the global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, several vaccines were developed; messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have recently been widely used worldwide. However, the incidence of myocarditis following mRNA vaccination is increasing; although the cause of myocarditis has not yet been clearly identified, it is presumed to be caused by a problem in the innate immune system. Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (ITP) after vaccination is rare but has been reported and is also assumed to occur by the same mechanism. We report the first case of simultaneous myocarditis and ITP after mRNA vaccination. A 38-year-old woman presented with chest pain, mild dyspnea, and sweating after vaccination with mRNA-1273 vaccine (Moderna) 4 days prior to admission. Upon admission to the emergency department, cardiac enzymes were elevated; blood test performed 5 months ago showed normal platelet count, but severe thrombocytopenia was observed upon admission. After administration of intravenous immunoglobulin, the platelet count improved; subsequently, myocarditis was observed on endomyocardial biopsy. Thus, myocarditis and ITP were judged to have occurred simultaneously due to the expression of the innate immune system markers after mRNA vaccination. The patient was discharged on day 6 of admission.

Rationale design and efficacy of a smartphone application for improving self-awareness of adherence to edoxaban treatment: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (adhere app).

INTRODUCTION: High adherence to oral anticoagulants is essential for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We developed a smartphone application (app) that pushes alarms for taking medication and measuring blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) at certain times of the day. In addition to drug alarms, the habit of measuring one's BP and HR may reinforce drug adherence by improving self-awareness of the disease. This pilot study aims to test the feasibility and efficacy of the smartphone app-based intervention for improving drug adherence in patients with AF. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A total of 10 university hospitals in Korea will participate in this randomised control trial. Patients with AF, being treated with edoxaban for stroke prevention will be included in this study. Total of 500 patients will be included and the patients will be randomised to the conventional treatment group (250 patients) and the app conditional feedback group (250 patients). Patients in the app conditional feedback group will use the medication reminder app for medication and BP check alarms. The automatic BP machine will be linked to the smartphone via Bluetooth. The measured BP and HR will be updated automatically on the smartphone app. The primary endpoint is edoxaban adherence by pill count measurement at 3 and 6 months of follow-up. Secondary endpoints are clinical composite endpoints including stroke, systemic embolic event, major bleeding requiring hospitalisation or transfusion, or death during the 6 months. As of 24t November 2021, 80 patients were enrolled. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study was approved by the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Institutional Review Board and will be conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study results will be published in a reputable journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: KCT0004754.

A Cross-Sectional Study: What Contributes to Nursing Students' Clinical Reasoning Competence?

Clinical reasoning is a vital competence for nursing students, as it is required for solving problems arising in complex clinical situations. Identifying the factors that influence nursing students' clinical reasoning competence in the social context can help their implicit educational needs. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the factors associated with developing clinical reasoning competency among undergraduate nursing students. In total, 206 senior nursing students were included in this study. Self-reported measures were used to obtain data on participants' clinical reasoning competence, problem-solving abilities, academic self-efficacy, and level of clinical practicum stress. Relationships among continuous variables were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficients. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify factors related to clinical reasoning competence. Our findings show that participants with better problem-solving abilities and academic self-efficacy perceived themselves as having higher levels of clinical reasoning competence. Nursing students with lower clinical practicum stress reported higher clinical reasoning competence. Significant factors identified were younger age and subcategories of problem-solving ability such as problem clarification, alternative solution development, planning/implementation, and self-regulated efficacy. Our findings highlight essential factors necessary for developing a nursing curriculum that contributes to professional nurses' clinical reasoning competence.

Residents’ perceived risk, emotional solidarity, and support for tourism amidst the COVID-19 pandemic

Due to the spread of COVID-19 and restrictions on international travel, popular destinations around the world have experienced an influx of domestic tourists. Regardless of the economic benefits that tourists could bring, residents have expressed their concerns about the health risks that would accompany tourists. Residents are not risk-proof or risk-tolerant, but the literature to date has overlooked the relevance and importance of residents' perceived risk associated with tourists. Addressing this research gap, this study investigated how residents’ perceived risk, emotional solidarity, and support for tourism were interrelated amid the pandemic. It was found that perceived risk was negatively associated with emotional solidarity and support for tourism, and emotional solidarity had a positive impact on support for tourism. Also, emotional solidarity was a partial mediator between perceived risk and support for tourism. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed within the closing of the article.